风机的风门开度(叶片角度)与风量之间的关系是非线性的,不同类型的风机的风门开度(叶片角度)与风量之间的关系也是不一样的。从图1、图2可以看出:离心式风机在不同风门开度时的特性曲线之间的间隔是不均匀的,也就是说其线性度很差;而轴流式风机在不同叶片角度时的特性曲线之间的间隔是比较均匀的,也就是说其线性度较好;不同类型的风机在相同的风门开度(叶片角度)(%)时的风量(%)也是不一样的。见图8所示。
就拿离心式风机来说,可以在图3上画一条阻力曲线,与不同风门开度的特性曲线的交点即为不同风门开度时的工作点,由各个工作点读出的风门开度、风量及风压的关系数据列于表1,不同风门开度与风量之间的关系则画于图8。根据图3、图4,用同样的方法可以作出静叶可调和动叶可调的轴流式风机不同叶片角度与风量之间的关系,其数据列于表2、表3,曲线画于图8。
由图8可以看出,离心式风机的风门开度—风量曲线的线性度最差:小风门时,随着风门的开大,风量增大很快;当风门开度大到50%以上时,风量增大的速度明显放慢,当风门开度大到75%以上时,风量增大已不太明显了。而静叶可调轴流风机的叶片角度—风量曲线就要显得平坦一些了,动叶可调轴流风机的叶片角度—风量曲线就接近线性了。并且可以看出,在相同的风门开度(叶片角度)%时,离心式风机的风量最大,其次是静叶可调轴流风机,而动叶可调轴流风机的风量最小。因此,在相同的风门开度(叶片角度)%时,离心式风机的节电率最小,其次是静叶可调轴流风机,而动叶可调轴流风机的节电率最大。而在相同的风量时,由于三种风机的轴功率不同(见表4,表5):离心式风机的轴功率最大,其次是静叶可调轴流风机,而动叶可调轴流风机的轴功率最小;所以离心式风机的节电率最大,其次是静叶可调轴流风机,而动叶可调轴流风机的节电率最小。
表1 离心式风机风门开度与风量、风压和节电率的关系
风门开度(°)
|
风门开度(%)
|
风量(%)
|
风压(%)
|
节电率(%)
|
10°
|
11.1%
|
25.0%
|
10.0%
|
90%
|
15°
|
16.7%
|
35.0%
|
15.0%
|
80%
|
20°
|
22.2%
|
45.0%
|
22.0%
|
70%
|
25°
|
27.7%
|
55.0%
|
32.0%
|
60%
|
30°
|
33.3%
|
61.7%
|
42.0%
|
50%
|
35°
|
38.9%
|
68.3%
|
50.0%
|
40%
|
40°
|
44.4%
|
76.7%
|
60.0%
|
30%
|
45°
|
50.0%
|
81.7%
|
68.0%
|
20%
|
50°
|
55.6%
|
83.3%
|
75.0%
|
16%
|
55°
|
61.1%
|
85.5%
|
80.0%
|
13%
|
60°
|
66.7%
|
88.3%
|
84.0%
|
10%
|
65°
|
72.2%
|
90.8%
|
87.3%
|
7%
|
70°
|
77.8%
|
93.1%
|
90.4%
|
5%
|
75°
|
83.3%
|
95.1%
|
93.3%
|
3%
|
80°
|
88.9%
|
96.7%
|
95.8%
|
2%
|
85°
|
94.4%
|
98.8%
|
98.0%
|
0%
|
90°
|
100.0 %
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
-4%
|
表2 静叶可调轴流风机的叶片角度和风量、风压及节电率的关系
叶片角度
|
叶片角度
|
全风量
|
额定风量
|
风压
|
节电率
|
-70°
|
0%
|
18.6%
|
21.5%
|
5.35%
|
90%
|
-65°
|
5%
|
26.7%
|
30.8%
|
6.86%
|
80%
|
-60°
|
10%
|
36.4%
|
41.9%
|
8.54%
|
75%
|
-55°
|
15%
|
42.9%
|
49.5%
|
10.8%
|
70%
|
-50°
|
20%
|
49.4%
|
57.0%
|
12.9%
|
65%
|
-45°
|
25%
|
56.6%
|
65.4%
|
15.2%
|
60%
|
-40°
|
30%
|
61.5%
|
71.0%
|
17.9%
|
55%
|
-35°
|
35%
|
66.3%
|
76.6%
|
23.3%
|
50%
|
-30°
|
40%
|
71.2%
|
82.2%
|
29.0%
|
46%
|
-25°
|
45%
|
74.4%
|
85.9%
|
35.6%
|
43%
|
-20°
|
50%
|
76.9%
|
88.8%
|
41.9%
|
38%
|
-15°
|
55%
|
79.3%
|
91.6%
|
48.7%
|
34%
|
-10°
|
60%
|
81.7%
|
94.3%
|
54.8%
|
30.8%
|
-5°
|
65%
|
84.1%
|
97.1%
|
60.2%
|
26.4%
|
0°
|
70%
|
86.6%
|
100%
|
65.8%
|
21.6%
|
+5°
|
75%
|
89.3%
|
|
73.5%
|
15.3%
|
+10°
|
80%
|
92.2%
|
|
80.6%
|
10.8%
|
+15°
|
85%
|
94.8%
|
|
85.1%
|
6.9%
|
+20°
|
90%
|
96.8%
|
|
89.0%
|
4.3%
|
+25°
|
95%
|
98.5%
|
|
94.3%
|
1.8%
|
+30°
|
100%
|
100%
|
|
100.0%
|
-4%
|
表3 动叶可调轴流风机的叶片角度和风量、风压及节电率的关系
叶片角度
|
叶片角度
|
全风量
|
额定风量
|
风压
|
节电率
|
-32°
|
0%
|
8.3%
|
11.3%
|
1.0%
|
90%
|
-28°
|
8%
|
16.7%
|
22.8%
|
5.35%
|
80%
|
-24°
|
16%
|
25.0%
|
34.1%
|
10.8%
|
70%
|
-20°
|
23%
|
33.3%
|
45.4%
|
17.9%
|
64.5%
|
-16°
|
31%
|
42.0%
|
57.3%
|
29.0%
|
57.3%
|
-12°
|
38%
|
50.7%
|
69.2%
|
41.9%
|
49.8%
|
-8°
|
46%
|
58.7%
|
80.1%
|
52.8%
|
42.7%
|
-4°
|
53%
|
66.7%
|
91.0%
|
62.7%
|
33.5%
|
0°
|
60%
|
73.3%
|
100.0%
|
71.4%
|
27.4%
|
+4°
|
68%
|
79.3%
|
|
80.6%
|
21.6%
|
+8°
|
76%
|
85.3%
|
|
86.5%
|
14.2%
|
+12°
|
84%
|
90.7%
|
|
91.0%
|
8.8%
|
+16°
|
92%
|
95.7%
|
|
96.3%
|
2.3%
|
+20°
|
100%
|
100.0%
|
|
100.0%
|
-4%
|
图8 不同类型的风机的风门开度(叶片角度)与风量之间的关系